Darwin at 200: The evolution of a theory

Posted on November 21st, 2009

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Nov. 24, 2009, marks 150 years since the publication of Charles Darwin’s seminal work, The Origin of Species. This year is also the bicentennial of Darwin’s birth. Darwin’s book was controversial from the start, and is perhaps more so today, with some celebrating its breakthroughs and others trying to debunk them.

Charles Darwin (photo.com)The mention of Darwinism — the idea that natural selection drives evolution, which is the theory that all life descended from a common ancestor — not only sparks debates between believers and nonbelievers, but also within religious communities, which often have varying approaches to reconciling faith and science. Witness the disputes — which often end up in court — over teaching evolution or intelligent design or creationism, or all three. Darwinism has also become shorthand for social and medical ethics that privilege the advancement of the most industrious and the most fit.

In short, Darwin’s “dangerous idea” (the title of a book by Daniel Dennett) is as provocative as ever. This edition of ReligionLink outlines the major issues at stake and provides resources for crafting stories.

What’s new

  • In 2008, Louisiana passed the Science Education Act, which protects the rights of Louisiana public schools that want to teach alternatives to evolution. Critics say this was a win for the anti-evolution camp, which changed tactics after the Dover trial (see below). Rather than trying to promote the teaching of intelligent design, the strategy is to fight for the “academic freedom” to teach theories other than evolution in the science classroom. Yet even as Louisiana’s law passed, similar legislation in five other states — South Carolina, Florida, Missouri, Michigan and Alabama — failed to pass or was returned to committee.
  • In the summer of 2007, thousands of unsolicited copies of Atlas of Creation were sent to scientists, professors, legislators and others in North America and Europe. It was written by Harun Yahya, the pen name of Adnan Oktar, a Turkish Muslim who has produced many books and videos condemning the “deceit” of evolution. In the same year, the Discovery Institute, the central think tank of the intelligent design movement, published Explore Evolution, its high school textbook that criticizes evolution. Critics called it a repackaging of the institute’s previous textbook The Design of Life: Discovering Signs of Intelligence in Biological Systems, which appeared in 2006.
  • On May 3, 2007, during the first debate among the 10 Republican presidential hopefuls, they were asked: “Is there anyone on the stage who does not … believe in evolution?” Three candidates raised their hands: Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback, former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee and Rep. Tom Tancredo of Colorado. The episode sparked much debate and news coverage, and Brownback later penned a New York Times op-ed, “What I Think About Evolution,” to elaborate on his views.
  • In 2006, the state of Georgia lost an appeal in federal court to keep stickers on public school science textbooks that described evolution as “a theory, not a fact.”
  • In 2005, a district court judge ruled in Kitzmiller v. Dover, Pa., that teaching intelligent design in public schools was unconstitutional. Many critics of intelligent design heralded the decision as the death knell for creationism, while ID proponents vowed to fight on.

Background and resources

The debate tends to be framed this way: Does Darwinism defeat the idea of a higher being at work in the development of life? Or is it merely a theory — one with much left to prove — that should be taught side-by-side with other theories that allow for a divine agent at work? The principal alternatives are:

  • Intelligent design, or ID, is the theory that the complexity of life points to a higher being at work. See the RNA Stylebook entry for “intelligent design.”
  • Creationism is the belief that the world was created in accordance with the account in the first chapter of Genesis. There are, however, two principal schools of thought within creationism: Young Earth creationists believe the world was made in six 24-hour days less than 10,000 years ago. Old Earth creationism is a term that comprises variations of theories positing that the biblical creation process could have occurred over a long period of time, and that a single “day” in the biblical account should not be equated with a single 24-hour period. See the RNA Stylebook entry for “creationism.” (Scroll to the bottom.)
  • A third path for many is the belief that Darwinism, evolution and the idea of a beneficent creator who made the world and all its creatures with intention and purpose can co-exist.

ID and creationism are not necessarily in accord with each other, and in fact proponents of each camp can argue as vociferously as Darwinists and anti-Darwinists.

Note: The full title of Darwin’s 1859 book is On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Subsequent editions shortened the title to The Origin of Species.

POLLS

  • Read a Gallup analysis of a poll question the organization has asked since 1982, with the most recent survey from May 2008. The data show relatively stable opinions, with the latest figures showing 44 percent of Americans believe that “God created man in present form,” 36 percent believe that man developed with “God guiding the process,” and 14 percent believe that “God had no part in the process.”
  • Read a December 2007 analysis by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life of American attitudes on evolution and biblical creation. As the authors write, “public opinion polling over the last few decades has shown that between 40 percent and 50 percent of Americans consistently reject the very idea of natural evolution, largely on the grounds that it conflicts with biblical accounts of creation.”

Major celebrations and events

Other events are listed under Regional Sources

Educational and advocacy groups

For a more comprehensive list, see ReligionLink’s “Evolution vs. intelligent design: The battle continues” (Oct. 8, 2007).

Anti-Darwinists

The Access Research Network is a Colorado-based nonprofit organization interested in issues that touch science, technology and society. It promotes discussion of intelligent design. Dennis Wagner is co-founder and chairman of the board. Contact 719-633-1772, dwagner@arn.org.

  • A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism is a Web site where scientists can sign a document stating that they question the claims of Darwinism and call for further inquiry into it and other theories. The list includes scientists from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences; the Russian, Hungarian and Czech national academies; and universities such as Yale, Princeton, Stanford, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of California, Berkeley. Logan Gage manages the site, which is a project of the Discovery Institute’s Center for Science & Culture. Contact lgage@discovery.org.
  • The Creation Research Society is an organization of scientists and laypeople committed to what it calls “scientific special creation.” Board members are listed on the Web site. Contact contact@creationresearch.org.
  • CreationWiki is an online community-written encyclopedia about creation research.
  • The Discovery Institute is a Seattle-based organization that, in its own words, “discovers and promotes ideas in the common sense tradition of representative government, the free market and individual liberty.” It has been a major proponent of intelligent design through its Center for Science & Culture. See a list of DI fellows. Bruce Chapman is the institute’s president. Contact 206-292-0401 ext.101.
  • Reasons to Believe describes itself as an “interdenominational and international science-faith think tank” that promotes an “Old Earth” creation view. The institute has a number of affiliated scholars and authors. Contact Patti Townley-Covert, 626-335-1480 ext. 104, ptcovert@reasons.org.
  • The Institute for Creation Research is in Dallas. It maintains a museum in Santee, Calif., and a graduate school in El Cajon, Calif., that does most of its teaching online. It posts a faculty list. Contact 800-337-0375 ext. 8330, press@icr.org.

Pro-Darwinists

Educational resources

  • The American Museum of Natural History maintains a Darwin section on its Web site based on a popular exhibit that appeared at the New York City museum from 2005 to 2006. The exhibition has traveled to Boston, Toronto and Chicago before going to the Natural History Museum in London for the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth.
  • The Public Broadcasting System maintains a Web site for its series Evolution that includes a section on religion.

National sources

Regional sources
Northwest Northeast Northwest West Southwest Midwest South Southeast East










For more sources, see ReligionLink’s “Evolution vs. intelligent design: The battle continues” (Oct. 8, 2007).

Darwinists

  • Francisco J. Ayala is presenting a lecture titled “Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion” at the Houston Museum of Natural Science on Feb. 24, 2009. Ayala is an evolutionary biologist and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine. He took part in an online panel about the conflict between religion and evolution for the PBS series Evolution. Contact 949-824-8293, fjayala@uci.edu.
  • Niles Eldredge is a curator at the American Museum of Natural History and was curator of its popular Darwin exhibit. He has blogged as if he were channeling Charles Darwin. Contact via Mick Wycoff, 201-788-6904, mick@nileseldridge.com.
  • Barbara Forrest is a philosophy professor at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond and the author of “Understanding the Intelligent Design Creationist Movement: Its True Nature and Goals,” a position paper published by the Center for Inquiry. She says that since their defeat in Dover, intelligent design proponents are reframing their attack on evolution by refraining from insisting that intelligent design be taught and instead asking that the strengths and flaws of evolution be taught. She cites the title of the recent Discovery Institute science textbook, Explore Evolution, as an example of this new strategy. Contact 985-549-5097, bforrest@selu.edu.
  • Karl Giberson is a professor of physics at Eastern Nazarene College in Quincy, Mass. He is the author of Saving Darwin: How to Be a Christian and Believe in Evolution. He is director of the Forum on Faith and Science at Gordon College and co-director of the Venice Summer School on Science & Religion. Contact 617-745-3000 ext. 5702, karl.w.giberson@enc.edu.
  • Eugenie Scott is director of the National Center for Science Education in Oakland, Calif., and co-editor of Not in Our Classrooms: Why Intelligent Design Is Wrong for Our Schools. She can comment on the current state of science education standards in American public schools. Contact 510-601-7203.
  • Matt Young is a senior lecturer in physics at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden. He is co-author of the forthcoming book Why Evolution Works (and Creationism Fails). He can discuss the relationship between intelligent design and creationism. Contact 303-273-3862, mmyoung@mines.edu.
  • Michael Zimmerman is dean of the college of liberal arts and sciences at Butler University in Indianapolis. He founded the Clergy Letter Project, which sent thousands of letters by different clergy to local school boards outlining why they think it is important to teach evolution. More than 12,000 letters have been sent to date. Contact 317-940-9224 ext. 6644, mz@butler.edu.
  • The Rev. Michael Dowd is a minister in the evangelical/Pentecostal tradition who calls himself an “evolutionary creationist” who preaches a “gospel of evolution.” Dowd argues that evolution can be reconciled with orthodox Christianity. Dowd is an author and lecturer, and his book, Thank God for Evolution: How the Marriage of Science and Religion Will Transform Your Life and Our World, is due out in June 2009. Contact through Paul West at 541-359-1886, media@thankgodforevolution.com.

Anti-Darwinists

  • John Bloom is a physics professor at Biola University, a Christian school in La Mirada, Calif. He founded the school’s master’s degree program in science and religion, and he teaches a course in intelligent design that asks the question, “Why isn’t the evidence clearer?” Contact via Biola’s media relations department, 562-777-4061, media.relations@biola.edu.
  • Steve Fuller is a sociology professor at the University of Warwick in Coventry, England, and the author of Science v. Religion?: Intelligent Design and the Problem of Evolution. He has written about preparing for the Darwin bicentennial on the pro-intelligent-design blog Uncommon Descent. He calls on the ID community to further develop ideas about the nature of the designer, in part to counter the Pastafarian parody of the Flying Spaghetti Monster “theory” of the designer. They should not be afraid to discuss God as the designer, he says. Contact +44 (0)2476-523940, s.w.fuller@warwick.ac.edu.
  • Dennis Wagner is chairman of the board of the Access Research Network, a nonprofit that supports the discussion and teaching of intelligent design. In a Dec. 24, 2008, blog entry, Wagner discussed what the ID community can do to prepare for the Darwin bicentennial. Contact 719-633-1772, dwagner@arn.org
  • Jonathan Wells is the author of Icons of Evolution and a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute, a Seattle-based think tank that promotes intelligent design. He is the author of “Ten questions to ask your biology teacher about evolution.” Contact via Robert L. Crowther at 206-292-0401 ext. 107.
  • Jonathan Witt is the author of Traipsing Into Evolution: Intelligent Design and the Kitzmiller v. Dover Decision and a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute in Seattle. He maintains multiple blogs, including one on the future of intelligent design. Contact via Robert L. Crowther at 206-292-0401 ext. 107.

In the middle

  • Denis Alexander is director of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion at Cambridge University in Cambridge, England. He is the author of Creation or Evolution: Do We Have to Choose?, a discussion of Christianity and evolution. Contact dra24@hermes.cam.ac.uk or via Kate Turnbull, external communications director, 01223 740929.
  • The Rev. George Coyne is a Jesuit priest and director emeritus of the Vatican Observatory in Tucson, Ariz., where he was director for more than 25 years. He will present a lecture titled “The Dance of the Fertile Universe: Evolution or Intelligent Design?” at the Houston Museum of Science on March 3, 2009. He is an expert on the religious implications of evolution. Contact 520-795-1918, gcoyne@as.arizona.edu.
  • Thomas Nagel is a professor of law and philosophy at New York University who has written a paper describing the constitutionality of “mentioning” intelligent design in science classes. He has described himself as an atheist. Contact 212-998-6225, thomas.nagel@nyu.edu.
  • Mark Noll is Francis A. McAnaney Professor of History at Notre Dame University in South Bend, Ind. He was part of an online panel that discussed the conflict between religion and evolution for the PBS television series Evolution. Contact 574-631-7574, mnoll@nd.edu.
  • Robert Pollack is a professor of biological science at Columbia University in New York City. He is the author of The Faith of Biology & the Biology of Faith and was part of an online panel that discussed the conflict between religion and evolution for the PBS series Evolution. Contact 212-854-2409, Pollack@columbia.edu.
  • Jeffrey P. Schloss is a professor and chair of biology and director of the Center for Faith, Ethics and the Life Sciences at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, Calif. He is an expert on the theological implications of evolution. Contact 805-565-6118, schloss@westmont.edu.
  • Jay Wexler is a law professor at Boston University, a Catholic school. He specializes in religion and the law and has written extensively on the evolution-intelligent design conflict in the public schools. In 2007, he correctly predicted that the next legislative battleground would not be about teaching intelligent design but about states and localities trying to get schools to teach “arguments against evolution.” Contact 617-353-2789, jaywex@bu.edu.
  • Keith Ward is an ordained Anglican priest and a senior fellow at the Metanexus Institute in Bryn Mawr, Pa., where he gives frequent public lectures on the subject of science and religion. Some recent topics include “Has Science Made Belief in God Obsolete?” and “Can the Cruelty and Waste of Evolution Be Reconciled With Creation by a Good God?” Contact 484-592-0304.

Regional sources

IN THE NORTHEAST

  • Dartmouth University in Hanover, N.H., and Americans United for Separation of Church and State will host “UnIntelligent Design” on Feb. 12, 2009. The event will feature a presentation by Abby Hafer, a professor of anatomy and physiology at Curry College in Milton, Mass., who will describe how the design of the human body does not support the notion of an intelligent creator. Contact organizer Sharon Racusin, 802-649-1496. Contact Haber at Abby.Hafer@gmail.com.
  • Laurie Godfrey is an anthropology professor at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. She and Andrew Petto are co-editors of Scientists Confront Intelligent Design and Creationism (2007). Contact lgodfrey@anthro.umass.edu.
  • Kenneth R. Miller is a professor of biology at Brown University in Providence, R.I., and author of Finding Darwin’s God: A Scientist’s Search for Common Ground between God and Evolution and Only a Theory: Evolution and the Battle for America’s Soul. Miller took part in a Jan. 21, 2009, symposium, “Evolution and God: 150 years after The Origin of Species.” Contact 401-863-3410, Kenneth_Miller@brown.edu.
  • The Massachusetts Institute of Technology will hold a “Darwin Bicentennial Symposium” Jan. 22-24, 2009, at the school in Cambridge, Mass. The event will include a discussion of current controversies over the teaching of evolution in American public schools. Contact Cindy Woolley, 617-253-4722, cwoolley@mit.edu.

IN THE EAST

  • Randy Bennett is an associate professor of biology at Juniata College in Huntingdon, Pa. He is an expert on evolution and the relationship between religion and science. He is also a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Contact 814-641-3719, bennett@juniata.edu.
  • Daryl P. Domning is an anatomy professor at Howard University in Washington, D.C. He is an expert on vertebrate paleontology, marine mammals and the creation-evolution controversy and can discuss evolutionary theology. Contact 202-806-6026, ddomning@howard.edu.
  • John F. Haught is a Senior Fellow of Science and Religion at the Woodstock Theological Center at Georgetown University. He is the author of God After Darwin: A Theology of Evolution and Deeper than Darwin: The Prospect for Religion in the Age of Evolution. Haught took part in a Jan. 21, 2009, symposium, “Evolution and God: 150 years after The Origin of Species.” Contact 202-687-6119, haughtj@georgetown.edu.
  • Hofstra University in Hempstead, N.Y., will hold a symposium titled “Darwin’s Reach: A Celebration of Darwin’s Legacy Across Academic Disciplines” on March 12-14, 2009. It will include a discussion of Darwinism and religion. Contact organizer Daniel Rubey, Daniel.R.Rubey@hofstra.edu.
  • Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, N.Y., will host “150 Years Since Darwin: What Next?” on Nov. 5, 2009, at the university and at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Contact organizer Massimo Pigliucci, 631-632-1097, massimo.pigliucci@gmail.com.
  • Bruce Wightman is an associate professor of biology at Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pa. He is an expert on genetics, evolution and the interface between science and religion. Among his courses is “Six Days or Four Billion Years?” Contact 484-664-3254, wightman@muhlenberg.edu.

IN THE SOUTHEAST

  • Eugene Chaffin teaches physics at Bob Jones University in Greenville, S.C. He is on the board of the Creation Research Society and is listed as a speaker for the society on the subject of nuclei decay occurring within a biblical framework. Contact echaffin@bju.edu.
  • Florida State University in Tallahassee will host “Origins ’09: A Celebration of the Birth and Life of Beginnings” on March 16, 2009, which will include a discussion of Darwinism and religion. Contact organizer Frank Stephenson, 850-644-8634, fstephenson@fsu.edu.
  • Patricia H. Kelley is a geology professor at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. She is an expert on invertebrate paleontology, the debate between creation and evolution, and the compatibility of religion and science. Contact kelleyp@uncw.edu.
  • Donald Musser is a professor of religious studies and chairman of the Stetson Center for Science, Nature and the Sacred at Stetson University in Deland, Fla. One of his specialties is religion and culture. Contact 386-822-8934, dmusser@stetson.edu.
  • The Pastafarians of the University of South Carolina in Columbia will host a debate titled “Does God Exist?: A Moderated Debate in Honor of Darwin Day” on Feb. 12, 2009. Speakers include Dan Barker of the Freedom From Religion Foundation and Kyle Butt, editor of Discovery magazine. Contact Andrew Cederdahl, pastaf@gwm.sc.edu.
  • Kelly C. Smith is an associate professor of philosophy and a Lemon Fellow of the Rutland Institute for Ethics at Clemson University in Clemson, S.C. He can discuss the philosophy of science and the role of faith and reason in science. Contact kcs@clemson.edu.
  • The University of Georgia in Athens will host “Darwin Day at UGA” on Feb. 11-12, 2009, which will include a history of the teaching of evolution in American public schools and a screening of Judgment Day, a documentary about the Dover, Md., evolution vs. intelligent design case. Contact Mark Farmer, 706-542-3383, Head@cb.uga.edu.

IN THE SOUTH

  • John W. Oller Jr. is a professor of communicative disorders at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He is on the technical advisory board of the Institute for Creation Research, which lists him as a “creation scientist.” Contact via Carolyn Bruder in the office of academic planning and faculty development, 337-482-6914, cbruder@louisiana.edu.
  • J. Michael Plavcan is an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. He contributed a chapter titled “The Invisible Bible: The Logic of Creation Science” to Scientists Confront Intelligent Design and Creationism (2007). Contact mplavcan@uark.edu.
  • Todd C. Wood is an associate professor of natural sciences in the Center for Origins Research at Bryan College, Tenn. He is listed by the Institute of Creation Research as a “creation scientist.” Contact 423-775-7277.

IN THE MIDWEST

  • Don DeYoung is chairman of the department of physical science at Grace College in Winona Lake, Ind. He speaks on the subject of creation for the Institute of Creation Research. He is also listed as a “creationist physicist” by Answers in Genesis. Contact 574–372–5100 ext. 6441, dbdeyoung@grace.edu.
  • Christopher Hays is an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin, Washington County in West Bend. He is an expert on the relationship between science and religion. Contact christopher.hays@uwc.edu.
  • Stephen Main is a professor emeritus of biology at Wartburg College in Waverly, Iowa. Among his areas of expertise is the evolution-creation controversy. Contact stephen.main@wartburg.edu.
  • George L. Murphy is an ordained minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and has a doctorate in physics. He can discuss theology and science. He lives in Tallmadge, Ohio. Contact gmurphy10@neo.rr.com.
  • Andrew Petto is a lecturer in the biology department at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. He and Laurie Godfrey are co-editors of Scientists Confront Intelligent Design and Creationism (2007). Contact 414-229-6784, ajpetto@uwm.edu.

IN THE SOUTHWEST

  • Byron Adams is an associate professor in the department of microbiology and molecular biology at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. He can discuss evolution and its relationship to Mormonism. Contact 801-422-3132, bjadams@byu.edu.
  • Daniel I. Bolnick is an assistant professor of integrative biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He can discuss natural selection and the creationism-evolution conflict. Contact 512-471-2824, danbolnick@mail.utexas.edu.
  • Daniel K. Brannan is a professor of biology at Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas. He is an expert on evolutionary biology-Christian theology interfaces. He wrote an article for the Metanexus Institute’s online journal titled “Confessions of an Evolutionary Biologist,” in which he explored his belief in evolution and God. Contact brannan@biology.acu.edu.
  • Dan Hicks operates Jesus Created Ministries, a creationist ministry in Tulsa, Okla. Contact 918-720-6763.
  • Victor H. Hutchison is a professor emeritus of zoology at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. He is an expert on evolution and the creationism-evolution debate. Contact 405-325-6721, vhutchison@ou.edu.
  • Jonathon C. Marshall is an assistant professor of herpetology and evolutionary genetics at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah. He can discuss evolutionary biology and Mormonism and science. Contact 801-626-6587, jonmarshall@weber.edu or jonathon_c_marshall@hotmail.com.
  • Catherine Russell is the author behind the Epic of Evolution Web site, which is designed to assist educators in teaching evolution. She is based in Boulder, Colo. She can discuss evolution education and celebrating grace through evolution. Contact cathus@epicofevolution.com.
  • The Texas Freedom Network is a pro-evolution citizens watchdog group that monitors science education standards in the state. Its Texas Faith Network is a group of clergy and laypeople who would like to keep religious teaching about the origins of the world and of life out of the public school classroom. Contact communications director Dan Quinn at 512-322-0545, dan@tfn.org.
  • Christopher Thrutchley is a lawyer in Tulsa, Okla., who has written a paper titled “Eroding Biblical Foundation, Exploding Judicial Activism,” about what he sees as the erosion that teaching evolution has had on the nation’s laws. Contact 918-587-0101, cthrutchley@newtonoconnor.com.

IN THE WEST/NORTHWEST

  • The Humanist Society of Santa Barbara in California will host a “Darwin Comes to Santa Barbara” event on Feb. 8, 2009. Part of the celebration will include a discussion of Darwin’s findings on religious teachings. Contact president Roger Schlueter, 805-962-6316, President@SantaBarbaraHumanists.org.
  • Idaho State University in Pocatello will hold a Darwin Day celebration that will include a discussion of the importance of teaching evolution in high school science classes. Contact Heath Ogden, 208-282-3391, ogdet@isu.edu.
  • David Leaf is a biology professor at Western Washington University in Bellingham. He is an expert in molecular and cell biology and evolutionary developmental biology and has taught a course for high school and middle school teachers on the controversy involving evolution-creationism-intelligent design. Contact 360-650-3632, leaf@biol.wwu.edu.
  • Michael Oard is a meteorologist who has written widely in support of creationism. He is listed as a speaker with both the Creation Research Society and Answers in Genesis. He lives in Montana. Contact via CRS at 928-636-1153.
  • San Diego State University’s philosophy department will host “150 Years of Evolution: Darwin’s Impact on the Humanities” on Nov. 22, 2009. Contact Mark Wheeler, 619-594-6706, mark.wheeler@sdsu.edu.
  • John G. West is associate director of the Center for Science & Culture at Discovery Institute in Seattle and author of Darwin Day in America: How Our Politics and Culture Have Been Dehumanized in the Name of Science. He recently contributed an opinion piece about the Louisiana Science Education Act to the National Review. Contact 206-292-0401 ext. 110.

Updated from a Jan. 13, 2009 edition.


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